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Home / What Year Did Thw Museum of Modern Art Open

What Year Did Thw Museum of Modern Art Open

Museum of Modern Art

MoMa NY USA 1.jpg

Established November 7, 1929
Location 11 Due west 53rd Street, Manhattan, New York, Usa
Visitor figures 2.5 million/yeara
Manager Glenn D. Lowry
Website world wide web.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York Metropolis, Us, on 53rd Street, betwixt Fifth and Sixth Avenues. Information technology has been singularly of import in developing and collecting modernist art, and is frequently identified as the most influential museum of modern art in the world.[1] The museum's collection offers an unparalleled overview of modern and gimmicky art,[2] including works of architecture and design, drawings, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books, motion-picture show, and electronic media.

MoMA's library and archives hold over 300,000 books, artist books, and periodicals, besides as individual files on more than 70,000 artists. The archives incorporate primary source cloth related to the history of modern and contemporary art.

History

The thought for the Museum of Modern Fine art was developed in 1928 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (wife of John D. Rockefeller Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mrs. Cornelius J. Sullivan.[3] They became known variously as "the Ladies", "the daring ladies" and "the adamantine ladies". They rented pocket-size quarters for the new museum and it opened to the public on Nov vii, 1929, nine days subsequently the Wall Street Crash. Abby had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the one-time president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the fourth dimension, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modern fine art, and the beginning of its kind in Manhattan to exhibit European modernism. [4]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him every bit founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days as a collector of curators. Goodyear asked him to recommend a director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr Jr., a promising young protégé. Nether Barr's guidance, the museum's holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of 8 prints and one cartoon. Its first successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne, and Seurat. [five]

Commencement housed in half-dozen rooms of galleries and offices on the 12th floor of Manhattan'due south Heckscher Building,[six] on the corner of Fifth Artery and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more than temporary locations inside the adjacent 10 years. Abby's husband was adamantly opposed to the museum (as well as to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he eventually donated the land for the current site of the Museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in effect 1 of its greatest benefactors. [vii]

The entrance to the Museum of Modern Art

During that fourth dimension it initiated many more exhibitions of noted artists, such equally the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935. Containing an unprecedented 60-six oils and fifty drawings from the Netherlands, and poignant excerpts from the creative person'southward letters, it was a major public success and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the contemporary imagination." [8]

The museum also gained international prominence with the hugely successful and now famous Picasso retrospective of 1939-twoscore, held in conjunction with the Art Found of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for futurity art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso equally the greatest artist of the time, setting the model for all the museum's retrospectives that were to follow. [9]

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected by the board of trustees to go its flamboyant president in 1939, at the age of thirty, he became the prime instigator and funder of its publicity, acquisitions and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His blood brother, David Rockefeller, likewise joined the Museum's board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency when Nelson took up position as Governor of New York in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the Museum garden and named information technology in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general take retained a close association with the Museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (married woman of Senator Jay Rockefeller) currently sit on the board of trustees.

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time & Life Building in Rockefeller Centre. Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Way by the modernist architects Philip Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. [10]

Artworks

Considered past many to take the best collection of modern Western masterpieces in the globe, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and four meg film stills. The collection houses such of import and familiar works as the following:

La Bohémienne endormie (The Sleeping Gypsy – Zingara che dorme) by Henri Rousseau, 1897.

  • The Sleeping Gypsy by Henri Rousseau
  • The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh
  • Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso
  • The Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dalí
  • Broadway Boogie Woogie by Piet Mondrian
  • Campbell's Soup Cans by Andy Warhol
  • The Seed of the Areoi past Paul Gauguin
  • Water Lilies triptych past Claude Monet
  • The Trip the light fantastic toe (painting) by Henri Matisse
  • The Bather by Paul Cézanne
  • The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni
  • "Love Song (Giorgio de Chirico)" by Giorgio De Chirico
  • "I: Number 31, 1950" by Jackson Pollock
  • Christina'southward World past Andrew Wyeth
  • Self-Portrait With Cropped Hair past Frida Kahlo
  • Painting (1946) by Francis Bacon

It besides holds works past a broad range of influential American artists including Cindy Sherman, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Jasper Johns, Edward Hopper, Chuck Close, Georgia O'Keefe, and Ralph Bakshi.

MoMA developed a earth-renowned art photography drove, first nether Edward Steichen and then John Szarkowski, every bit well as an important film drove nether the Museum of Mod Art Department of Film and Video. The film collection owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but the department's holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's eight-hour Empire and Chris Cunningham'due south music video for Björk'south All Is Full of Dearest. MoMA besides has an of import pattern collection, which includes works from such legendary designers every bit Paul László, the Eameses, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection as well contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-adjustment brawl begetting to an entire Bong 47D1 helicopter.

Exhibition houses

At various points in its history, MoMA has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which take reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

  • 1949: exhibition house by Marcel Breuer
  • 1950: exhibition house by Gregory Ain[11]
  • 1955: Japanese exhibition house
  • 2008: Prefabricated houses planned[12] [13] by:
    • Kieran Timberlake Architects
    • Lawrence Sass
    • Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
    • Leo Kaufmann Architects
    • Richard Horden

Renovation

Inside the MoMA building.

MoMA's midtown location underwent extensive renovations in the 2000s, closing on May 21, 2002, and reopening to the public in a building redesigned past the Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi, on November 20, 2004. From June 29, 2002 until September 27, 2004, a portion of its collection was on display in what was dubbed MoMA QNS, a former Swingline staple factory in the Long Island Metropolis department of Queens.

The renovation project almost doubled the infinite for MoMA's exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet of new and redesigned space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Edifice on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Educational activity and Inquiry Building on the eastern portion provides over five times more space for classrooms, auditoriums, teacher training workshops, and the Museum's expanded Library and Archives. These two buildings frame the enlarged Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, domicile to two works past Richard Serra.

MoMA's reopening brought controversy every bit its admission cost increased from US$12 to Usa$twenty, making information technology one of the most expensive museums in the city; however information technology has gratuitous entry on Fridays after 4pm, thanks to sponsorship from Target Stores. The architecture of the renovation is controversial. At its opening, some critics idea that Taniguchi'due south design was a fine instance of contemporary architecture, while many others were extremely displeased with certain aspects of the pattern, such as the menses of the infinite.[xiv] [15] [16]

MoMA has seen its boilerplate number of visitors rise to two.5 meg from near 1.5 1000000 a year before its new granite and glass renovation. The museum'due south director, Glenn D. Lowry, expects average company numbers eventually to settle in at around two.1 million.[17]

See as well

  • Art museum
  • Nelson Rockefeller
  • David Rockefeller

Notes

  1. ↑ Helen Gardner, Fred S. Kleiner, and Christin J. Mamiya, Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective (Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006). "The Museum of Modern Fine art in New York City is consistently identified as the establishment near responsible for developing modernist art...the nigh influential museum of mod art in the world." (p. 795)
  2. ↑ Museum of Modern Fine art - New York Art World Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  3. ↑ Wendy Jeffers, "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: patron of the modern", Magazine Antiques, 2004-ten. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  4. ↑ First modern art museum featuring European works in Manhattan. Michael FitzGerald, Making Modernism: Picasso and the Cosmos of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 120.
  5. ↑ Origins of MoMA and first successful loan exhibition. See John Ensor Harr and Peter J. Johnson, The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988), 217-18.
  6. ↑ Carter B. Horsley, The Crown Building (formerly the Heckscher Building) The City Review. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  7. ↑ John D. Rockefeller, Jr. one of MoMA's greatest benefactors. Come across Bernice Kert, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family (New York: Random House, 1993), 376-386.
  8. ↑ Precursor to the electric current hold of van Gogh in public imagination. Bernice Kert, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family unit (New York: Random House, 1993), 376.
  9. ↑ MoMA's international prominence through the Picasso retrospective of 1939-40. Run across FitzGerald, op.cit., pp.243-62.
  10. ↑ The formal opening of MoMA, Fourth dimension Magazine. Mon, May. 22, 1939. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  11. ↑ Anthony Denzer, Gregory Ain: The Modern Domicile Every bit Social Commentary (New York: Rizzoli, 2008).
  12. ↑ MoMA Announces Option of Five Architects to Display Prefabricated Homes Outside Museum in Summer 2008 Retrieved July fourteen, 2008.
  13. ↑ Robin Pogrebin, "Is Prefab Fab? MoMA Plans a Show", New York Times, January 8, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  14. ↑ John Updike, Invisible Cathedral, The New Yorker, 2004-11-15. "Nothing in the new building is obtrusive, nothing is cheap. It feels breathless with unspared expense. It has the enchantment of a bank later hours, of a honeycomb emptied of dear and flooded with a soft glow." Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  15. ↑ Roberta Smith, Tate Modern's Rightness Versus MoMA'due south Wrongs, New York Times, 2006-11-01. "The museum's large, bleak, irrevocably formal anteroom atrium ... is space that the Mod could ill afford to waste, and such frivolousness continues in its visitor amenities: the hard-to-find escalators and elevators, the besides-narrow glass-sided bridges, the ii-star eating place on prime garden real manor where there should exist an affordable cafeteria ...Yoshio Taniguchi's MoMA is a beautiful building that plainly doesn't work." Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  16. ↑ Witold Rybczynski, Street Cred: Some other Way of Looking at the New MOMA, Slate.com, 2005-03-30. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  17. ↑ "Build Your Dream, Hold Your Breath", The New York Times, August 6, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2008.

References

ISBN links back up NWE through referral fees

  • Denzer, Anthony. Gregory Ain: The Mod Home As Social Commentary. New York: Rizzoli, 2008. ISBN 9780847830626
  • FitzGerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Cosmos of the Market for Twentieth Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995. ISBN 9780374106119
  • Gardner, Helen, Fred South. Kleiner, and Christin J. Mamiya. Gardner'southward Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006. ISBN 0495004782
  • Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century. New York: Scribner, 1988. ISBN 9780684189369
  • Jeffers, Wendy. "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: patron of the mod", Magazine Antiques, 2004-x. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  • Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family. New York: Random House, 1993.
  • Lynes, Russell, Practiced Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Mod Art. New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
  • Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908-1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.

External links

All links retrieved October 31, 2018.

  • Museum of Modern Art official site
Popular visitor attractions in New York Urban center

Times Square (35M) • Primal Park (20M) • Metropolitan Museum of Art (4.5M) • Statue of Freedom (4.24M) • American Museum of Natural History (4M) • Empire Country Edifice (4M) • Museum of Modern Fine art (2.67M) •

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